The University of Athens was founded In 1834 but it was not until 1854 that the course "Nerve Disease" started being taught.

The need for systematic teaching and caring for the patients lead in 1899 to the decision to establish the Eginitio Hospital, with the Aeginitis bequest money.

The hospital operation started in 1905 as the sole seat for "Mental Diseases" of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA).

In 1963, following international standards, the specialty of Neurology was separated from that of Psychiatry.